Despite the intensification of the in vivo and in vitro experiments on the evaluation of long-term effects of electromagnetic fields has generated in recent decades, a vast scientific literature, the scientific debate is still open on the possible interaction mechanisms specific for low field levels responsible for specific biological effects. This is mainly due to the considerable heterogeneity of the experiments and the scanty reproducibility of the same. The in vitro experiments at IREA are carried out under controlled and reproducible conditions, and therefore represent a valuable tool for understanding the interaction mechanisms and verifying the mechanisms hypothesized to date. Understanding the mechanisms represents a key point in the definition of safety standards and in the development of medical applications.